Names

Names

In Australia, both sports are most popular in Queensland, New South Wales, the Northern Territory, and the Australian Capital Territory. Either sport might be referred to simply as "football" or "footy". Rugby union is usually referred to simply as "rugby" by its followers, who generally refer to rugby league as "league". In other states people refer to both codes as "rugby".

In the United Kingdom, rugby union or rugby league fans rarely refer to their sport as "football" as in most cases this would refer to association football. Across the UK, rugby union is usually referred to simply as 'rugby' but in and around the rugby league heartlands in the North of England, the word 'rugby' could refer to either sport but usually means 'rugby league'. The nickname "rugger", which developed in England's elite schools, almost always refers to rugby union.

In New Zealand, "football" usually refers to either rugby union or association football, but depending on context could refer to rugby league. "Rugby", which almost universally refers to rugby union, is mostly used without any existing context. Rugby league is usually called "rugby league" or simply "league".

In France, rugby union is called rugby à quinze (rugby with 15) or simply "rugby" whilst rugby league is known as rugby à treize (rugby with 13) or jeu à treize (game with 13) or treize (13).

In South Africa, Romania, the Republic of Ireland, Japan and Canada rugby league is not very well known and rugby union is simply called "rugby".

In countries such as the United States, where neither code of rugby football is very well known, the two forms of the game are rarely distinguished between and "rugby" could refer to either. Although an emergence in Rugby union in recent years through the college system has instituted the term rugby as rugby union

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The field

The field
A rugby league field is between 112 and 122 metres long by 68m wide. The distance between try-lines is always 100 metres. There are lines going across the field which mark every ten metres. An in-goal area extends six to eleven metres beyond each goal-line. At the goal line is a set of goal posts in the shape of the letter 'H', used for other forms of point scoring: field goal, penalty goal and conversion.
A rugby union field is a maximum of 144 metres long by 70m wide. The length from try line to try line is always 100 metres: the only varying distances on a rugby field are the width of the playing field, and the distance from try line to the dead ball line. Lines are painted at the dead ball line, try line, 22 metre line, 10 metre line (broken line) and half way. Lines are also located 5 metres away from the try line and touch line and 15 metres away from the touch line. At the goal line is a set of goal posts in the shape of the letter 'H', used for other forms of point scoring: field goal, penalty goal and conversion.

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Contents 1 Names 2 The field 3 Advancing the ball 4 Tackling 5 Scoring 6 Other minor differences in the rules 7 Players 8 Cross-code games 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading

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Comparison of rugby league and rugby union.

In English rugby football, towards the end of the 19th century, a schism developed over the way the sport was run, one of the major disputes was between those who favoured strict amateurism and those who felt that players should be compensated for time taken off work to play rugby football. This resulted in the breakaway of several leading clubs and their formation of a new governing body in 1895, the Northern Rugby Football Union, and in time a new sport, rugby league football.

Since the 1895 schism, changes have taken place to the laws of both rugby union and rugby league football so that now they are distinct sports.

A distinction often cited is that rugby league has shed from its laws several opportunities for possession to be contested that rugby union has retained: contesting the ball after the tackle, on the ground in rucks and in mauls. Additionally, rugby league uses a scrum to restart the game in those situations where rugby union uses a line-out. Though rugby league scrums are sometimes claimed to be uncontested, the laws provide for contested scrums should the non-feeding team attempt to contest the ball, though for several reasons a convention of lenient enforcement is in practice.
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rugby league and union

The claim that rugby union has a greater scope for the contest of possession is not supported by the results of a statistical study of international rugby union matches between 1982-4 and 2002-4 that was commissioned by rugby union's world governing body, the IRB, entitled Changes in the Playing of International Rugby over a Twenty Year Period. The study reported that in the 2000s:
• 13 out of 14 times the side in possession retained the ball at the breakdown.
• 9 times out of 10 the side in possession retained the ball at the scrum.
• 8 times out of 10 the side in possession retained the ball at the line-out.
The report concluded that "the contest for possession is largely predictable if not almost wholly guaranteed". The report also found that while in the 1980s teams in possession lost the ball to their opposition on average once every six breakdowns, by the 2000s possession was won by the defending team on average once every twenty-three breakdowns. In comparison, rugby league's six tackle rule results in a more even division of possession despite fewer opportunities to contest it.
The laws of rugby league football have been gradually changed to encourage a faster, more spectator-friendly sport.[4] As a result of the absence of the aforementioned mauls, rucks and line-outs, there are fewer stoppages of play in rugby league, with the ball typically in play for 50 out of the 80 minutes, compared with around 35 for professional rugby union. This, combined with the fact that thirteen rugby league players must cover the field of play as opposed to union's fifteen, implies that rugby league is the more aerobically demanding of the two sports, while contesting for the ball allows for more physical contact in rugby union. Rather than focussing on contests for possession of the ball, rugby league's rules have become orientated to promoting the contests of player against player and team against team with good passing, angles of running and organised defences the focus. Rugby league is thus simpler and easier for spectators to understand than rugby union. The laws of rugby league are consequently fewer, comprising 21,000 words compared to 35,000 for union.
Thirteen-man rugby league has shown itself to be a faster, more open game of better athletes than the other code. Rugby union is trying to negotiate its own escape from amateurism, with some officials admitting that the game is too slow, the laws too convoluted to attract a larger TV following.

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pocession change

Possession may change in different ways in both games:-
1. When the ball is kicked to the opposing team, this can be done at any time but it is normal to punt on the last tackle in rugby league.
2. Following an unsuccessful kick at goal.
3. When an opposing player intercepts a pass.
4. When the player in possession drops the ball and it is recovered by an opposition player.
5. The opposition are awarded a scrum if the player in possession drops the ball forwards or makes the ball go forwards with any part of his body other than his feet. This is called a knock-on. In rugby league, scrums are not contested and the side awarded the scrum almost always gains possession from it; the purpose is to restart the game with a good chance for open play as nearly half the players are concentrated in one spot. In rugby union, scrums are contested (i.e. each pack pushes against the other), and it is possible (but unusual) for the side awarded the scrum to lose possession. This is becoming rarer and rarer as union referees are starting to ape their league counterparts in turning a blind eye to crooked put-ins.[dubious – discuss]
6. In rugby league if the ball goes out of play, the opposition are awarded a scrum. If this is from a kick going into touch on the full this is called ball back and the scrum is formed where contact with the ball was made. Otherwise, under recent rule changes, the scrum is formed 10m from the point of touch. Penalties and 40/20 kicks are exceptions to this rule. In rugby union a line-out (another static but hard-contested set piece) takes place instead.
7. In rugby league, an automatic handover takes place when the team in possession runs out of tackles.
In both codes, tactical kicking is an important aspect of play. So is tackling.

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pocession change

Possession may change in different ways in both games:-
1. When the ball is kicked to the opposing team, this can be done at any time but it is normal to punt on the last tackle in rugby league.
2. Following an unsuccessful kick at goal.
3. When an opposing player intercepts a pass.
4. When the player in possession drops the ball and it is recovered by an opposition player.
5. The opposition are awarded a scrum if the player in possession drops the ball forwards or makes the ball go forwards with any part of his body other than his feet. This is called a knock-on. In rugby league, scrums are not contested and the side awarded the scrum almost always gains possession from it; the purpose is to restart the game with a good chance for open play as nearly half the players are concentrated in one spot. In rugby union, scrums are contested (i.e. each pack pushes against the other), and it is possible (but unusual) for the side awarded the scrum to lose possession. This is becoming rarer and rarer as union referees are starting to ape their league counterparts in turning a blind eye to crooked put-ins.[dubious – discuss]
6. In rugby league if the ball goes out of play, the opposition are awarded a scrum. If this is from a kick going into touch on the full this is called ball back and the scrum is formed where contact with the ball was made. Otherwise, under recent rule changes, the scrum is formed 10m from the point of touch. Penalties and 40/20 kicks are exceptions to this rule. In rugby union a line-out (another static but hard-contested set piece) takes place instead.
7. In rugby league, an automatic handover takes place when the team in possession runs out of tackles.
In both codes, tactical kicking is an important aspect of play. So is tackling.

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Tackling

In both games it is permitted to bring down the player in possession of the ball and prevent them making forward progress.

In rugby league a play the ball takes place after each tackle.

In rugby union, play does not stop when a player is forced to the ground in a tackle, as the tackled player must immediately play the ball, and the tackler must roll away, which will generally mean a ruck will form.

In both games, tackling or interfering with a player who is not in possession of the ball is not permitted. In rugby union, charging or pushing an opponent in possession (e.g. by using the shoulder only) is not permitted. Tacklers must try to grasp the ball-carrier and bring them to ground.

Rugby league allows an opponent to be charged (e.g. by using the shoulder only). Using the shoulder in rugby league is often considered a 'big hit'.

Tripping with the leg is not allowed in either code. However, in rugby league, if a tackling player has both hands on the ball carrier, he is allowed to use his legs to bring him to ground.

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